Boys vs. Girls

Commonsense beliefs about boys and girls are not arbitrary. According to Archer and Lloyd (2002), they are associated with coherent ways of understanding the world in which we live, which for many centuries have been presented to each succeeding generation in the form of religious truths. The following little experiment demonstrates one situation where girls have outdone boys. Three boys and three girls were asked to kneel on the floor with their legs together by their high school teacher.All of them were made to bend forward and put their elbows up against their knees. Lipstick containers were placed upright at the end of the six young people’s fingers. Then, they were made to kneel up straight with their legs still together, with hands clasped behind their backs above their waists. They were then told to keep their arms and legs in their position while leaning forward, knock the lipstick container over their noses and return to the kneeling-up position. The observation was t hat girls can do it while boys can’t.The reason that this happened is because girls tend to have more body weight in the lower half of their bodies than boys do so they can balance better. But this little story/experiment does not prove that girls are better than boys. There are just some things that girls perform better than boys, AND vice versa. For instance, boys are observed to do significantly better than girls at mathematics, and understand relationships in the physical world better than the opposite sex (Archer and Lloyd, 2002).Conversely, girls are better at processing language than boys, which goes a long way toward explaining why girls overall have better communication than their gender counterparts. All of these examples and the experiment stated above just means that girls and boys are different. Differences do not imply an order of rank. Oranges and apples are different, but that doesn’t mean oranges are better than apples. Ovaries and testicles are differ ent, but that doesn’t mean that one is better than the other. WORK CITED Archer, J. & Lloyd, B. (2002). Sex and Gender. (2nd Ed. ). New York: Cambridge University Press. Boys vs. Girls Boys and Girls had always been perceived to be greatly different from each other. It has been stereotypically observed that when the doctor shouted, â€Å"It's a baby boy,† the nurse will wrap him around a blue cloth while on the other hand when the doctor declares, â€Å"It's a baby girl,† a pink cloth will then be wrapped around her. But aside from the usual determining colors associated with boys and girls, what other factors set both genders apart and make them distinct? According to Armin Brott, baby boys are slightly heavier and longer than girls at birth.This is why many first-time mothers spend longer labor hours and it ultimately leads to higher birth trauma resulting to more irritable actions among the boys than the girls (Brott, 2008). He also adds that boys are more inclined in a more energetic and rough games as compared to the girls who like to pretend and mimic (Brott, 2008). In accordance to this perception, Leonard Sax, a doctor and a psychologist asser ts that boys and girls differ in their view of the surroundings and environment.In studying the outlook of the girls, he showed an image with â€Å"a girl, a dress, a pet, the sun, flowers, rainbow and all those colors,† which has been the same kind of drawing girls all over the world has drawn (Selliot, 2008). On the other hand, he presented an image of â€Å" bloody red battle scenes, gray rocket ships and black speeding vehicles,† all of which are the same content of a boy's painting (Selliot, 2008). Furthermore, Brott observed that the girls take in greater sensory than boys wherein they can taste more, and tend to exhibit a greater need to be touched.There are actually more differences associated to the two genders. However, it is really difficult to identify who is greater or more superior than the other because as observed in the above comparison, both have their own unique personalities and inclinations which help develop their skills and perception in the thin gs around them. It is therefore important to appreciate the characteristics and traits that set the boys apart from the girls and vice-versa and what makes them special in their own ways. References Brott, A. (2008). â€Å"The Difference Between Boys and Girls. † Retrieved May 20, 2008 from ht

International Criminal Law Example

International Criminal Law Example International Criminal Law – Coursework Example International Criminal Law The international criminal law prohibits some categories of conduct identified as grave atrocitiesand ensures that the perpetrators of criminals get accountable for their actions. The law principally covers matters relating to war crimes, genocide, aggression crimes, and crimes against humanity. It specifically deals with person subjects. The criminal law mostly includes the prohibitions addressed, and the penal sanctions for the violations of the prohibitions put in place by the different states (Schabas 7). The International Criminal Law came into being after the World War 1. After the war, the international crime tribunal envisaged the perpetrators of the war crimes. For instance, the Treaty of Versailles designed in trying Wilhelm of Germany. The Second World War signified the international tribunal’s move to try not only crime wars but also crimes against humanities. As a subset of the International Law, International Criminal Law developed und er the 1946 Statute, Article 38(1) of the Court of Justice. International law comprised of general principles of law, customary international law and the treaties (Bantekas and Nash 16). International criminal law developed to deliver justice to victims and to guide on the prosecution of serious crimes like crimes against humanity, genocide and war crimes (Schabas 12). Individual Criminal Responsibility is the liability associated with individual violations of the application of 1968 UN Convention and the Common Article 3. The Hungarian courts applied the international law in the prosecution of international offenses defined by the International Criminal Law. The three bodies are intertwined connected in advocating international human rights (Bantekas and Nash 27). The International Criminal Court is a permanent tribunal that prosecutes individuals for crimes against genocide, humanity, and war crimes. The court is significant in maintaining international justice and, therefore, gi ves authority to the bodies of the international law on treatment of individual regarding humanitarian law and human rights. It covers jurisdiction only where the subject is a citizen of a state party or when a crime occurs in the country of a member state party (Schabas 37). Bantekas, Ilias, and Nash, Susan. International Criminal Law. London: Routledge-Cavendish, 2007. Print.Schabas, William. International Criminal Law. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Pub, 2012. Print.

Hemingways Works Essays - Literature, American Literature, Fiction

Hemingway's Works Essays - Literature, American Literature, Fiction Hemingway's Works Ernest Hemingway pulled from his past present experiences to develop his own thoughts concerning death, relationships, and lies. He then mixed these ideas, along with a familiar setting, to create a masterpiece. One such masterpiece written early in Hemingway's career is the short story, Indian Camp. Indian Camp was originally published in the collection of in Our Time in 1925. A brief summary reveals that the main character, a teenager by the name of Nick, travels across a lake to an Indian village. While at the village Nick observes his father, who is a doctor, deliver a baby to an Indian by caesarian section. As the story continues, Nick's father discovers that the newborn's father has committed suicide. Soon afterward Nick and his father engage in a discussion about death, which brings the story to an end. With thought and perception a reader can tell the meaning of the story. The charters of Nick and his father resemble the relationship of Hemingway and his father. Hemingway grew up in Oak Park, a middle class suburb, under the watchful eye of his parents, Ed and Grace Hemingway. Ed Hemingway was a doctor who occasionally took his son along on professional visits across Walloon Lake to the Ojibway Indians during summer vacations (Waldhorn 7). These medical trips taken by Ernest and Ed would provide the background information needed to introduce nick and his father while on their medical trip in Indian Camp. These trips were not the center point of affection between Ed and Ernest, but they were part of the whole. The two always shared a close father-son bond that Hemingway often portrayed in his works: Nick's close attachment to his father parallels Hemingway's relationship with Ed. The growing boy finds in the father, in both fiction and life, not only a teacher-guide but also a fixed refuge against the terrors of the emotional and spiritual unknown as they are encountered. In his father Ernest had someone to lean on (Shaw 14). In Indian Camp, nick stays in his father's arms for a sense of security and this reinforces their close father-son relationship. When Nick sees the terror of death, in the form of suicide, his father is right there to comfort him. From this we are able to see how Nick has his father to, physically and mentally, lean on, much like Hemingway did (Shaw 11). Hemingway's love for his father was not always so positive though, and he often expressed his feelings about his situation though his literature. When Hemmingway was young, his father persuaded him to have his tonsils removed by a friend, Dr. Wesley Peck. Even though it was Dr. Peck who performed the painful operation, Hemingway always held it against his father for taking out his tonsils without an anaesthetic (Meyers 48). Hemingway saw the opportunity to portray his father in Indian Camp as the cold-hearted man who had his tonsils yanked out without anaesthetic. In a reply to Nick's question about giving the Indian woman something to stop screaming, his father states, No. I haven't any anaestheticBut her screams are not important. I don't hear them because they are not important. (Tessitore 18) Hemingway lashed out at his father one more time before the story ends. In Indian Camp, Hemingway uses the conversation between Nick and his father, concerning the suicide of the Indian, to show his distaste for his own father's suicide: 'Why did he kill himself, Daddy?' 'I don't know Nick.' 'He couldn't stand things, I guess.' 'Do many men kill themselves, Daddy?' 'Not very many, Nick' 'Is dying hard, Daddy?' 'No, I think its pretty easy, Nick. It all depends.' (Hemingway 19) Hemingway saw his father as a weak working man who served his wife, Grace, unconditionally. Ed worked a full day to come home to clean house, prepare food, and tend to the children. He had promised Grace that if she would marry him, she would not have to do housework for as long as he lived. Ill and depressed, Ed committed suicide in 1928. Hemingway later referred to the situation by stating: I hated my mother as soon as I knew the score and loved my father until he embarrassed me with his cowardiceMy mother is an all time all American bitch and she

10 Fascinating Facts About Dragonflies

10 Fascinating Facts About Dragonflies Prehistoric-looking dragonflies can be a little intimidating as they swoop about the summer skies. In fact, according to one dragonfly myth, the uncanny creatures would sew up the lips of unsuspecting humans. Of course, thats not even remotely true. Dragonflies are essentially harmless. Even better, these large-eyed aeronauts love to feed on pests like mosquitoes and midges for which we can be truly grateful- but those arent the only interesting qualities that make them so fascinating. 1. Dragonflies Are Ancient Insects Long before the dinosaurs roamed the Earth, dragonflies took to the air. Griffenflies (Meganisoptera), the gigantic precursors to modern dragonflies could reach lengths of nearly 30 inches and dotted the skies during the Carboniferous period over 300 million years ago. If you could transport yourself back a mere 250 million years, youd likely recognize the familiar sight of dragonflies similar to those of the present day. 2. Dragonfly Nymphs Live In the Water Theres a good reason why you see dragonflies and damselflies around ponds and lakes: theyre aquatic! Female dragonflies deposit their eggs on the waters surface, or in some cases, insert them into aquatic plants or moss. Once hatched, the nymph dragonfly spends its time hunting other aquatic invertebrates. Larger species even dine on the occasional small fish or tadpole. After molting somewhere between nine and 17 times, a dragonfly nymph is finally ready for adulthood and crawls out of the water to shed its final immature skin. 3. Nymphs Breath Through Their Anus The damselfly nymph actually breathes through gills  inside its rectum. Likewise, the dragonfly nymph pulls water into its anus to facilitate gas exchange. When the nymph expels water, it propels itself forward, providing the added benefit of locomotion to its breathing. 4. Most New Dragonfly Adults Are Eaten When a nymph is finally ready for adulthood, it crawls out of the water onto a rock or plant stem and molts one final time. This process takes up to an hour as the dragonfly expands to its full body capacity. These newly emerged dragonflies, known at this stage as teneral adults, are soft-bodied, pale, and highly vulnerable to predators. Until their bodies fully harden they are weak flyers, making them ripe for the picking. Birds and other predators consume a significant number of young dragonflies in the first few days after their emergence. 5. Dragonflies Have Excellent Vision Relative to other insects, dragonflies have extraordinarily keen vision that helps them detect the movement of other flying critters and avoid in-flight collisions. Thanks to two huge compound eyes, the dragonfly has nearly 360 ° vision and can see a wider spectrum of colors than humans. Each compound eye contains as many as 30,000 lenses or ommatidia and a dragonfly uses about 80 percent of its brain to process all of the visual information it receives. 6. Dragonflies Are Masters of Flight Dragonflies are able to move each of their four wings independently. They can flap each wing up and down, and rotate their wings forward and back on an axis. Dragonflies can move straight up or down, fly backward, stop and hover, and make hairpin turns- at full speed or in slow motion. A dragonfly can fly forward at a speed of 100 body lengths per second (up to 30 miles per hour). Using high-speed cameras, Scientists at Harvard University photographed dragonflies taking flight, catching prey, and returning to a perch, all within the time span of between 1 to 1.5 seconds. 7. Male Dragonflies Fight for Territory Competition for females is fierce, leading male dragonflies to aggressively fend off other suitors. In some species, males claim and defend a territory against intrusion from other males. Skimmers, clubtails, and petaltails scout out prime egg-laying locations around ponds. Should a challenger fly into his chosen habitat, the defending male will do all he can to chase away the competition. Other kinds of dragonflies dont defend specific territories but still behave aggressively to other males that cross their flight paths or dare to approach their perches. 8. Male Dragonflies Have Multiple Sex Organs In nearly all insects, the male sex organs are located at the tip of the abdomen. Not so in male dragonflies. Their copulatory organs are on the underside of the abdomen, up around the second and third segments. Dragonfly sperm, however, is stored in an opening of the ninth abdominal segment. Before mating, the dragonfly has to fold his abdomen in order to transfer his sperm to his penis. 9. Some Dragonflies Migrate A number of dragonfly species are known to migrate, either singly or en masse. As with other migratory species, dragonflies relocate to follow or find needed resources or in response to environmental changes such as impending cold weather. Green darners, for example, fly south each fall in sizeable swarms and then migrate north again in the spring. Forced to follow the rains that replenish their breeding sites, the globe skimmer- one of several species thats known to spawn in temporary freshwater pools- set a new insect world record when a biologist documented its 11,000 mile trip between India and Africa. 10. Dragonflies Thermoregulate Their Bodies Like all insects, dragonflies are technically ectotherms (cold-blooded) but that doesnt mean theyre at the mercy of Mother Nature to keep them warm or cool. Dragonflies that patrol (those that habitually fly back and forth) employ a rapid whirring movement of their wings to raise their body temperatures. Perching dragonflies, on the other hand, who rely on solar energy for warmth, skillfully position their bodies to maximize the surface area exposed to sunlight. Some species even use their wings as reflectors, tilting them to direct the solar radiation toward their bodies. Conversely, during hot spells, some dragonflies strategically position themselves to minimize sun exposure, using their wings to deflect sunlight.

The IRIS Center Module Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The IRIS Center Module - Essay Example In the challenge provided about Maria, how her teacher Mr. Bennett and the school respond to her situation, is a practical example of cultural influence and ignorance. In this case, there is failure by the teacher and the school to address the problem at hand, which is Maria’s bilingualism and cultural influence. This is due to the fact that, despite the heavy influence that her cultural background has on her, the teacher continues using the same mode of teaching instruction as he uses on other students. There lacks a deliberate effort to understand and address her linguistic dilemma and cultural influence since she has lived in Mexico most of her life hence, this can create a communication barrier during learning. Moreover, the school has not taken any measure to improve her proficiency in the use of English as a mode of communication in both speaking and writing. This is in view of the fact that this is the language she is expected to use in learning and which plays a critic al role in her overall academic performance. Introducing a special programme for her and for other students with similar problems where they get to learn both written and spoken language so as to be at a level playing field with their language proficient colleagues would really assist in addressing Maria’s problem to a large extent. ... As a result, she lacks the necessary motivation to concentrate since she feels completely out of place. Secondly, language barrier may be a major factor affecting Maria. Since English is a second language to her, it is the dominant language in her school and consequently in her learning hence, she may experience problems if she is still in the early stages of developing proficiency in its usage. This is exhibited by the slow development of her reading and even participation in class. Concerning her ability to chat with other children in English, it is important to note at which stage she is at as an English learner. This is important because the various stages of learning stages lead to both Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills (BICS) and Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP), which are two types of language proficiency. In this case, Maria may be having acquired the BICS type to be able to communicate only at a social level and therefore not able to exhibit the same aca demically (York, 2006). The perception that Maria’s parents may be indifferent to their daughter’s education may be misplaced. This is in light of the fact that they may have some personal reasons holding them back based on their culture or the school and the teacher have not used the appropriate forms of communication. A major personal reason why the may have not responded to Mr. Bennett’s instructions may include their limited language skills. Moreover, the notes sent to them via Maria may be in English or translated in formal writing that is hard for them to understand considering they just moved from Mexico. This only shows that there is lack of effective communication

Depend on the choosen activity and the topic Essay

Depend on the choosen activity and the topic - Essay Example The word ‘learning’ has been defined as â€Å"relatively permanent change in behavior resulting form experience† (Dworetzky, 1994). This essay, therefore, has the purpose of exploring the cognitivist approach of learning by examining its application to a particular learning task. The task chosen is the process of typing the keyboard of a computer. Firstly, an analysis of the types of knowledge required to undertake the chosen activity will be considered and the cognitive theory will be introduced with its main features followed by a discussion of the application of the theory in the process of typing the keyboard of the computer. The strength and weaknesses of the theory will be analyzed after that and the essay will be concluded. There are different steps or processes involved in the act of typing the keyboard of a computer. The person needs to have a plan of what he is going to type; he needs to have appropriate knowledge and skills such as placing the fingers at the right position, the aptitude of typing the material with appropriate speed and accuracy, being seated in a comfortable position in the chair so that he doesn’t strain his back, etc. Declarative knowledge is often described as the content of learning. In other words it caters to the what of the activity being learnt. Knowing a piece of information, that is, a concept, fact, idea or label would be considered to be in this category (Ehren & Gildroy). Knowing the history, characteristics or physical appearance, for example would be included here. Procedural knowledge explains the How of information that tells us rules to follow to accomplish a task (Ehren & Gildroy). In other words, knowing how to perform an action or sequence of actions is procedural knowledge. Conditional knowledge is knowledge about when to use a procedure, skill, or strategy and when not to use it; why a procedure works and under what

How Does Gender Bias Negatively Impact the Role of Men in Nursing Essay

How Does Gender Bias Negatively Impact the Role of Men in Nursing - Essay Example Gender bias negatively impacts the role of men in nursing by: Not all male nurses believe gender bias has had a negative impact on their career. But, fewer than 6% of the Registered Nurses in the United States today are men (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services). Considering approximately 49% of the population is male, the 6% figure indicates that bias may be impacting the entry and retention of men in the nursing field. Furthermore, Wilson (2005) in a study of Australian nursing students, found that in a three-year period, the average attrition rate for males in a university-based nursing program was 55.5% but only 45% for females. This, too, raises concerns about what is keeping men from entering or staying in the nursing field. One answer is gender bias. Gender bias, most succinctly defined by the higher education company McGraw-Hill, is "Behavior that results from the underlying belief in sex role stereotypes." (McGraw-Hill Education Company). Entire dissertations have been written defining sex role stereotypes. ... eotypes ("conventional, formulaic, and oversimplified conceptions, opinions, or images") ("Stereotypes") based on the roles ("characteristic and expected social behaviors of an individual") ("Roles") based on sex/gender, traditionally male or female. Vogel, Wester, Heesacker, & Madon's (2003) finding that women and men act in accordance with social roles which are often segregated along gender lines helps summarize how sex role stereotypes are perpetuated. They continue, "Popular culture has embraced the idea that women and men are different. Self-help books, talk shows, and magazine articles routinely acknowledge large gender differences" With popular culture stressing distinct differences and roles for men and women, it is understandable that a career traditionally considered female would not be considered attractive to some men. To assess biases and the status of Men in Nursing in 2005, the research firm of Bernard Hodes Group performed an on-line survey, open to male nurses and nursing students, from October until December 2004 and received almost 500 responses (N=498) (Bernard Hodes Group, 2005). Of note were the men's responses to the question regarding their perceptions about nursing before entering the field. The top four responses, with percentages responding, to what they had as perceptions of men and nursing: Traditionally female dominated field (85%) Other professions perceived "more appropriate" (62%) Nursing salaries are not competitive with other careers (33%) Nursing is not an autonomous, decision-making profession (27%) The next most popular response, "Nursing doesn't provide much upward mobility" garnered only 16% of responses. It is evident that the perception - or stereotype - of a subservient female is still in place. The media does not