Evolution of the Glass Flight Deck

Evolution of the Glass Flight Deck The Australian Aviation had changed significantly since the late 1990s (Kain Webb, 2003). One of the major changes includes the introduction of the glass flight deck in Commercial Aviation. It has influenced the Australian Commercial Aviation significantly. This paper will analyse the transition from the standard flight instruments to the Glass Flight Deck. It will proactively discuss: The preliminary cockpits; the transition to the modern Glass Cockpit; and the modern Glass Flight Deck era. Overall, this paper argues that the Glass Flight Deck has brought in a massive change to the aviation industry. The initial phase of aviation was very undeveloped hence having few basic instruments (analogue) only. Cockpits in the distant past were generally comprised of limited instruments which provided basic information and had elementary controls only (Cockpit Design, 2012). There were inadequate controls and limited instruments in the cockpits, consequently increasing a pilots fatigue and pressure levels (Cockpit Design, 2012). Wiener and Nagel (1988) summarized that crew system designs and flight station layouts have frequently ignored the limitations and capabilities of the human operator. The key issue for any flight operations was the interaction of the flight crew with the flight deck (Analysis of pilots monitoring, 2001). It was difficult to correlate the data as the information provided was insufficient, hence resulted in crashes. Ideally, all the instruments on the panel should be large and visible for the pilots, as well as easy to be operated. Hence, evolving cockpits should be more feasible to use with digital instruments with large screens (Cockpit Design, 2012). For example, in lighter aircraft like Cessna, the pilot cannot rely completely on the instruments as it does not provide sufficient information. In addition, in poor weather conditions like rain and thunder storms, the aircraft cannot be flown as it is light weight and the instruments does not show the flight path. These days, the glass airplanes are mostly flown as it is more likely to find Instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) on a commercial flight path, hence analogue instrumentation is used less frequently (Ison, 2010). The proficiency of delivering all the information that a pilot might need, had been a challenge during the history of aviation. As the range of desired information has grown, so have the size and complexity of modern aircraft as well, thus expanding even further the need to inform the flight crew without overloading the cockpit (Tomblin, 2014). Therefore, several change s were incorporated into the modern flight decks, making it better comparatively. The idea of developing basic flight instruments into a modern technology based flight deck has remarkably influenced Commercial Aviation. However, massive increase in the demand for new flight instruments resulted negatively for what the designers expected (Tomblin, 2014). The newly emerging instruments that display the performance of aircraft resulted in high-stress levels for the pilots. For instance, missed signals, misinterpreted information, limited detection of issues and failing to recognise the right instrument (Weiner and Nagel, 1988). The cockpits evolved after World War II when analogue instruments were replaced with Glass Panel system (Cockpit Evolution, 2015). In short period, the cockpits of lighter aircraft started the transition to automated instrumentation (Analysis of pilots monitoring, 2001). The newly trained pilots are feeling the automated flight deck easier to learn. The newer technology enables pilots to use innovative modes such as auto pilots, cruise, settin g flight paths, collision warning system, weather updates, landing with the help of Instrument Landing Systems (ILS) that analogue instrumentation does not offer (Impact of Glass Cockpit, 2006). Advances in the new evolving flight deck has proved to have many advantages so that it will be helpful for the pilots, especially to the transportation industry. In addition to it, the safety concerns have been reduced (Impact of Glass Cockpit, 2006). The use of the analogue instrumentation is easy and simple for the upcoming pilots to use, but there are some issues which need to be resolved. Thus, the modern Glass Flight Deck concept developed and proved to be heading towards its success. The Glass Flight Deck concept which was recently originated, gives a pilot improved safety when compared to analogue, and are easier to handle as well. They are more automated, more accurate and the integration of the controls are better than in traditional analogue systems (The Glass Cockpit Advantage, 2012). Most pilots these days are trained on the new aircraft which has the Glass Flight Deck which makes flying effortless and comfortable to use (Newman, 2014). The Glass Flight Deck provides advanced features like Traffic Collision Awareness System (TCAS) which is a short collision alert system, Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) and updated information about weather (Glass cockpits in General Aviation, 2011). For instance, the new Boeing 787 Dreamliner is incorporated with the new automated Glass Panel, and has many innovative features that allows a pilot to enjoy their flying experience. In addition, it has proved that the airlines save money while maintaining the competitive ness with the 777 (Innovative 787 flight deck, 2012). The newly installed technology helps the pilot feel more comfortable in flying taking advantages of the innovative features installed in the deck (Innovative 787 flight deck, 2012). The modern automated instrumentation is not only easier to fly but also consolidates accurate information from many sources. For instance, the glass panel shows the flight path on an easily read map and many more features (Sweet, 2002). Other advantages of Glass Flight Deck are: The accuracy of an automated instrumentation is much higher when compared to the analogue, and are very easy to read (What are the advantages and disadvantages of analogue and digital instrumentation?, 2017). The Glass Flight Deck uses colour schemes which can assist in cautioning the crew if there is a threat (Cockpit Design, 2012). The core colours used in the cockpit are green (normal), amber (caution) and red (alert or emergency). The Flight Deck has controls which are eas y to reach and in a place where it is noticeable. (Cockpit Design, 2012). In Conclusion, this paper has methodically evaluated the transition of the flight deck into the modern world. The Aviation industry has evolved with increased trend in technology. It has proactively discussed the evolution into the Glass Flight Deck. It has conveyed the situation prior to the change, the period of change, and the influence of it after the change has occurred. Thus, it has proved that the Glass Flight Deck concept has made a significant change in Commercial Aviation. Reference List Analysis of pilots monitoring and performance. (2001). Retrieved March 23, 2017, from http://picma.org.uk/sites/default/files/Documents/Background/Boeing%20Academic%202001%20Pilot%20Automation%20monitoring.pdf Cockpit Design and Human Factors. (2012). Retrieved from March 19, 2017, from http://aviationknowledge.wikidot.com/aviation:cockpit-design-and-human-factors Cockpit Evolution from the beginning to present. (2015). Retrieved from march 15, 2017 from: https://firstaerosquadron.com/2015/09/23/cockpit-evolution-from-the-beginning-to-present/ Glass cockpits in General Aviation. (2011). Retrieved March 15, 2017, from http://aviationknowledge.wikidot.com/aviation:glass-cockpits-in-general-aviation Impact of Glass Cockpit Experience. (2006). Retrieved March 19, 2017, from http://commons.erau.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1501context=jaaer Innovative 787 flight deck. (2012). Retrieved March 27, 2017, from http://www.boeing.com/commercial/aeromagazine/articles/2012_q1/3/ Ison, D. (2010). Plane and Pilot. Retrieved from: http://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/is-glass-safer/#.WNjDOsB942w Kain, J. Webb, R. (2003). Turbulent Times: Australian Airline Industry Issues 2003, Australian Parliamentary. Retrieved from: http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp0203/03RP10 Newman, D. (2014). Universities to Probe Glass vs Analogue Cockpits. Retrieved from: http://www.australianflying.com.au/news/universities-to-probe-glass-vs-analogue-cockpits Retrieved from: https://www.quora.com/Why-arent-there-still-analogue-instruments-in-airliner-cockpits Sweet, W. The glass cockpit flight deck automation. IEEE Spectrum, 32(9), 0018-9235. doi:10.1109/6.406460 The Glass Cockpit Advantage. (2012). Retrieved from March 13, 2017 from http://blog.covingtonaircraft.com/2012/11/14/the-glass-cockpit-advantage/ Tomblin, P. (2014). Why arent there still analogue instruments in airliner cockpits? Wiener, E.L., Nagel, D.C. (1988). Human Factors in Aviation. London, United Kingdom: Academic Press.

An Analysis of the Epic Poem, Beowulf - Origin and Evolution of Beowul

The Origin and Evolution of Beowulf      Ã‚  Ã‚   The origin of Beowulf remains a mystery, as both the poet and the year of composition has eluded scholars for centuries.   Although "[it] is now widely believed that Beowulf is the work of a single poet who was Christian . . ." (preface, Heaney 29), I see Beowulf as a mosaic of many poets.   In this paper, I will argue that with each new translation of this Old English epic, a new author of Beowulf is born.   The twenty-first century poet Seamus Heaney, who translated the Beowulf on which this paper is based, injects aspects of his world into this ancient poem.   Published in the year 2 000, the inconsistency of this most modern text reveals the messy masterpiece Beowulf is today.   I believe that throughout the ages, Beowulf has been altered by each generation it touches.   I will provide evidence that the Anglo-Saxon orators, the Christian monk recorders, and the modern-day translators have all contributed to both the conservation and change of Beowulf. Beowulf began as an oral story passed on by scops, wandering poets of the Anglo-Saxon period who recited the accounts of the great Geat warrior from memory.   This allowed for subtle or strong changes by each orator as he formed his ideal and unique Beowulf.   One example of possible change can be found in the lines, He had been poorly regarded for a long time, was taken by the Geats for less than he was worth . . . (Heaney 79),   which do not fit the protagonist who has received nothing but praise throughout the rest of the epic.   A footnote in Heaney's translation points out this idea of the "`Cinderella hero' [as an] . . . example of folklore material, probably circulating orally, that made its way into the poem" (edi... ...Semus Heaney.   New York:   W.W. Norton & Company, 2000.   29-99. Unknown.   "Beowulf."   Beowulf and Other Old English Poems.   Trans.   Constance B. Hieatt.   Toronto:   Bantam Books, 1983.   35.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Excerpt Sometimes at pagan shrines they vowed offering to idols, swore oaths that the killer of souls might come to their aid and save the people.   That was their way, their heathenish hope; deep in their hearts they remembered hell.   The Almighty Judge of good deeds and bad, the Lord God, Head of the Heavens and High King of the World, was unknown to them.   Oh, cursed is he who in time of trouble has to thrust his soul in the fire's embrace, forfeiting help; he has nowhere to turn.   But blessed is he who after death can approach the Lord and find friendship in the Father's embrace. (Heaney 36) An Analysis of the Epic Poem, Beowulf - Origin and Evolution of Beowul The Origin and Evolution of Beowulf      Ã‚  Ã‚   The origin of Beowulf remains a mystery, as both the poet and the year of composition has eluded scholars for centuries.   Although "[it] is now widely believed that Beowulf is the work of a single poet who was Christian . . ." (preface, Heaney 29), I see Beowulf as a mosaic of many poets.   In this paper, I will argue that with each new translation of this Old English epic, a new author of Beowulf is born.   The twenty-first century poet Seamus Heaney, who translated the Beowulf on which this paper is based, injects aspects of his world into this ancient poem.   Published in the year 2 000, the inconsistency of this most modern text reveals the messy masterpiece Beowulf is today.   I believe that throughout the ages, Beowulf has been altered by each generation it touches.   I will provide evidence that the Anglo-Saxon orators, the Christian monk recorders, and the modern-day translators have all contributed to both the conservation and change of Beowulf. Beowulf began as an oral story passed on by scops, wandering poets of the Anglo-Saxon period who recited the accounts of the great Geat warrior from memory.   This allowed for subtle or strong changes by each orator as he formed his ideal and unique Beowulf.   One example of possible change can be found in the lines, He had been poorly regarded for a long time, was taken by the Geats for less than he was worth . . . (Heaney 79),   which do not fit the protagonist who has received nothing but praise throughout the rest of the epic.   A footnote in Heaney's translation points out this idea of the "`Cinderella hero' [as an] . . . example of folklore material, probably circulating orally, that made its way into the poem" (edi... ...Semus Heaney.   New York:   W.W. Norton & Company, 2000.   29-99. Unknown.   "Beowulf."   Beowulf and Other Old English Poems.   Trans.   Constance B. Hieatt.   Toronto:   Bantam Books, 1983.   35.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Excerpt Sometimes at pagan shrines they vowed offering to idols, swore oaths that the killer of souls might come to their aid and save the people.   That was their way, their heathenish hope; deep in their hearts they remembered hell.   The Almighty Judge of good deeds and bad, the Lord God, Head of the Heavens and High King of the World, was unknown to them.   Oh, cursed is he who in time of trouble has to thrust his soul in the fire's embrace, forfeiting help; he has nowhere to turn.   But blessed is he who after death can approach the Lord and find friendship in the Father's embrace. (Heaney 36)

Look at Macbeth’s Monologue in Act III Scene I, what do we learn about Macbeth? Essay

In Macbeth’s monologue in Act III Scene I, we learn a lot about Macbeth’s insecurities. He tells us that he does not feel safe on the throne because of the witches’ prediction that Banquo’s children will be kings. He fears Banquo because Banquo is brave, and he represents good and he would not approve of how Macbeth obtained the crown, we can see Banquo’s suspicions earlier in this scene when he fears that Macbeth has â€Å"played’st most foully† for the crown. He says that Banquo is clever and as long as Banquo is around, Macbeth will live in fear of him. Macbeth then talks about how the witches have predicted that Macbeth will have no children and his crown is â€Å"fruitless†, and he has a â€Å"barren sceptre† meaning that he will not pass on his crown to anyone in his family. He then says that he only murdered Duncan for Banquo’s children, as they will be the next kings, and it was only for them he gave his soul to the devil and only for them he has become a more evil and treacherous man. He then asks for fate to be kind. This is a clear change in Macbeth’s character here, earlier in the play he was described as â€Å"disdaining fortune† in battle, which means that he did not worry about fate or fortune, he just fought bravely against the odds, but now we see that Macbeth has come to rely on fortune and beg for it to be kind to him. In this monologue Macbeth reveals that he is probably going to kill Banquo and Fleance, Banquo’s son. Earlier in the scene he asked how Banquo was going to get to the banquet at Macbeth’s palace and if Fleance would be going with him. He wants to kill Banquo to stop himself going mad with fear of the witches’ prediction about Banquo â€Å"having kings†. He realises that this may mean that one of Banquo’s children may kill him to become king. He wants to kill Banquo and Fleance, as that will stop Banquo’s line of descendants as Fleance is Banquo’s only son and then Macbeth will be safe in the crown. We can also see that Macbeth is a very insecure person and is especially insecure as a king. He will go to any lengths to make sure that he remains king, even murdering his best friend and his best friend’s son. There are some hints I this passage that Macbeth is going slightly mad. He says that he ahs â€Å"filed his mind†, which means that has corrupted his mind or has gone a bit crazy, by killing Duncan. In this monologue we see some of Macbeth darkest and deepest thoughts. He has changed from the brave, loyal and honourable man that we first were introduced to him as by the dying captain to a man that is willing to murder innocent men for power, and a man that is haunted by predictions made by some old women.

Evidence Based On Intimate Partner Violence ( Ipv ) Or...

Evidence informed social work The scenario I have chosen for this assignment is the one regarding Clinton who has disclosed that his partner abuses him. I have attached the scenario in appendix. The purpose of the assignment is to explore evidence based responses to intimate partner violence (IPV) or domestic violence. Researchers in the area relating to physical, psychological and sociological abuse between partners use the terms intimate partner violence and domestic violence interchangeably (Corbally, 2015, Wilson et al., 2015). For this reason I will use these terms interchangeably in this assignment. Domestic abuse refers to any type of violence which occurs between intimate partners, regardless of sexual orientation of relationship and status of relationship (Dutton, 2006). I will focus mainly on evidence based practice that is utilized or should be used by social workers when working with male victims of domestic violence. To do this I will demonstrate different types of evidence and research that social w orkers use when working with male victims of domestic violence, and also explore the links between research, evidence and practice, and evaluate the ethical and value base of the research in order to fully explore the robustness of the research in the area and link it to social work values. With reference to Clinton’s case, to be able to work with him in an anti-oppressive way and make effective decisions, I will have to evaluate my knowledge of domestic violence.Show MoreRelatedIntimate Partner Violence ( Tda ) Directed Against Women1685 Words   |  7 PagesThere is no question that intimate partner violence (IPV) directed against women is a fundamental issue. However, it is clear that a paradigm has been developed within the IPV literature which generally holds that it is gender-based; that perpetrators are exclusively or disproportionately male (Dutton., 2006) and that females are the sole victims. 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